Literatūra
type: channel
description: Founded in 1958 and dedicated to publishing articles on Lithuanian and World literature and cultural studies. Indexed in the Scopus (Q4) database since 2020.
publisher: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla / Vilnius University Press
language: en
publication name: Literatūra
issn: 0258-0802
copyright: Please read the Copyright Notice in Journal Policy.
items: Editorial Board and Table of Contents
items: Style sheet
items: Atmena autoriams
items: “Nothing but Gratitude…”. Plutarch, Cavafy, Shakespeare, Brodsky*
items: Ancient Languages in the Correspondence of Leonas Valkūnas and Antanas Dambrauskas
items: Existence is a Spectrum: Rethinking Resurrection in the Treatise on the Resurrection
items: Structural Parallels in Perceiving the Fictive in the Thought of St. Augustine and Wolfgang Iser
items: In utroque profecerimus: How does Philosophical Sermo Become Eloquent?
items: The Problem of Rational Political Decision-Making in Thucydides’ History (2.60-64)
items: Theory of Communication in Gorgias and Plato’s Cratylus

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
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subject: Front Matter
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creator: Rūta Šlapkauskaitė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.15388/

Style sheet
type: item
description: -
subject: Back Matter
  topic: section
subject: Array
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creator: Rūta Šlapkauskaitė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 129
ending page: 133

Atmena autoriams
type: item
description: -
subject: Back Matter
  topic: section
subject: Array
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creator: Rūta Šlapkauskaitė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 122
ending page: 128

“Nothing but Gratitude…”. Plutarch, Cavafy, Shakespeare, Brodsky*
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">This article examines Joseph Brodsky’s poem <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">I Entered the Cage Instead of a Wild Beast…<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> in the context of intertextual and cultural traditions spanning Plutarch, Shakespeare, and Constantine Cavafy. The focus lies on the theme of gratitude as it evolves from Plutarch’s <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-wi…
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creator: Fatima A. Eloeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 108
ending page: 121
doi: 10.15388/Litera.2025.67.3.7

Ancient Languages in the Correspondence of Leonas Valkūnas and Antanas Dambrauskas
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The article analyzes the use of ancient languages (Latin and Ancient Greek) in the correspondence of Antanas Dambrauskas and Leonas Valkūnas, spanning nearly five decades. During the Soviet era, when communication ‒ especially through letters ‒ could not ensure privacy, these languages became a subtle means for them to add layers of meaning to the information they conveyed, show their intellectual distinctiveness, and emphasize their ideas.<br style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The study identifies three main categories of the use of ancient languages: isolated phrases, direct quotati…
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creator: Arnoldas Kazimierėnas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 93
ending page: 107
doi: 10.15388/Litera.2025.67.3.6

Existence is a Spectrum: Rethinking Resurrection in the Treatise on the Resurrection
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This article reexamines the concept of resurrection in the Valentinian “<em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Treatise on the Resurrection”<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> (or “<em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Letter to Rheginos”<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: no…
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creator: Gražina Kelmelytė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 75
ending page: 92
doi: 10.15388/Litera.2025.67.3.5

Structural Parallels in Perceiving the Fictive in the Thought of St. Augustine and Wolfgang Iser
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This article reconstructs and compares the hermeneutical premises of St. Augustine’s biblical interpretation and Wolfgang Iser’s reception theory, arguing that both are grounded not in a binary opposition between reality and fiction, but in triadic structures. Iser’s triad of the real, the fictive, and the imaginary ‒ which is rooted in the idea of human plasticity ‒ defines literature as an anthropological mode that stages the transgression of empirical limits. Augustine, while maintaining a dualistic ontology, similarly distinguishes between the extratextual (<em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">res<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">), intratextual (<em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-si…
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creator: Mantas Tamošaitis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 55
ending page: 74
doi: 10.15388/Litera.2025.67.3.4

In utroque profecerimus: How does Philosophical Sermo Become Eloquent?
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">In his rhetorical treatises, Cicero establishes a clear distinction between <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">sermo<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> and <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">oratio <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: nor…
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creator: Audronė Kučinskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 42
ending page: 54
doi: 10.15388/Litera.2025.67.3.3

The Problem of Rational Political Decision-Making in Thucydides’ History (2.60-64)
type: item
description: <span lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The article analyses Pericles’ last speech in Thucydides’ <em lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">History <span lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">(2.60–64) as a case revealing the limits of rational political decision-making in a crisis situation. Although Pericles seeks to convince the Athenians to continue the war by using rational arguments, there is a fundamental contradiction in his rhetoric: his belief in the unlimited power of Athens at sea. This motif, which did not influence the mood of the citizens at the time, later became the ideological basis for an expansionist policy that led to the collapse of the <em lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; fo…
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creator: Laisvūnas Čekavičius
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 29
ending page: 41
doi: 10.15388/Litera.2025.67.3.2

Theory of Communication in Gorgias and Plato’s Cratylus
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This essay attempts to establish a link between the third part of the <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Περὶ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> that contains Gorgias’ critique of communication and Plato’s theory of communication (as developed in the <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Cratylus<span style="color…
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creator: Mantas Adomėnas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 8
ending page: 28
doi: 10.15388/Litera.2025.67.3.1